useFetch

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Network

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Reactive Fetch API provides the ability to abort requests, intercept requests before they are fired, automatically refetch requests when the url changes, and create your own useFetch with predefined options.

Learn useFetch with this FREE video lesson from Vue School!

TIP

When using with Nuxt 3, this function will NOT be auto imported in favor of Nuxt's built-in useFetch(). Use explicit import if you want to use the function from VueUse.

Demo

source

The following URLs can be used to test different features of useFetch

Normal Request: https://httpbin.org/get

Abort Request: https://httpbin.org/delay/10

Response Error: http://httpbin.org/status/500

isFinished: false
isFetching: false
canAbort: false
statusCode: null
error: null
data: null

Usage

Basic Usage

The useFetch function can be used by simply providing a url. The url can be either a string or a ref. The data object will contain the result of the request, the error object will contain any errors, and the isFetching object will indicate if the request is loading.

import { useFetch } from '@vueuse/core'

const { isFetching, error, data } = useFetch(url)

Asynchronous Usage

useFetch can also be awaited just like a normal fetch. Note that whenever a component is asynchronous, whatever component that uses it must wrap the component in a <Suspense> tag. You can read more about the suspense api in the Official Vue 3 Docs

import { useFetch } from '@vueuse/core'

const { isFetching, error, data } = await useFetch(url)

Refetching on URL change

Using a ref for the url parameter will allow the useFetch function to automatically trigger another request when the url is changed.

const url = ref('https://my-api.com/user/1')

const { data } = useFetch(url, { refetch: true })

url.value = 'https://my-api.com/user/2' // Will trigger another request

Prevent request from firing immediately

Setting the immediate option to false will prevent the request from firing until the execute function is called.

const { execute } = useFetch(url, { immediate: false })

execute()

Aborting a request

A request can be aborted by using the abort function from the useFetch function. The canAbort property indicates if the request can be aborted.

const { abort, canAbort } = useFetch(url)

setTimeout(() => {
  if (canAbort.value)
    abort()
}, 100)

A request can also be aborted automatically by using timeout property. It will call abort function when the given timeout is reached.

const { data } = useFetch(url, { timeout: 100 })

Intercepting a request

The beforeFetch option can intercept a request before it is sent and modify the request options and url.

const { data } = useFetch(url, {
  async beforeFetch({ url, options, cancel }) {
    const myToken = await getMyToken()

    if (!myToken)
      cancel()

    options.headers = {
      ...options.headers,
      Authorization: `Bearer ${myToken}`,
    }

    return {
      options,
    }
  },
})

The afterFetch option can intercept the response data before it is updated.

const { data } = useFetch(url, {
  afterFetch(ctx) {
    if (ctx.data.title === 'HxH')
      ctx.data.title = 'Hunter x Hunter' // Modifies the response data

    return ctx
  },
})

The onFetchError option can intercept the response data and error before it is updated when updateDataOnError is set to true.

const { data } = useFetch(url, {
  updateDataOnError: true,
  onFetchError(ctx) {
    // ctx.data can be null when 5xx response
    if (ctx.data === null)
      ctx.data = { title: 'Hunter x Hunter' } // Modifies the response data

    ctx.error = new Error('Custom Error') // Modifies the error
    return ctx
  },
})

console.log(data.value) // { title: 'Hunter x Hunter' }

Setting the request method and return type

The request method and return type can be set by adding the appropriate methods to the end of useFetch

// Request will be sent with GET method and data will be parsed as JSON
const { data } = useFetch(url).get().json()

// Request will be sent with POST method and data will be parsed as text
const { data } = useFetch(url).post().text()

// Or set the method using the options

// Request will be sent with GET method and data will be parsed as blob
const { data } = useFetch(url, { method: 'GET' }, { refetch: true }).blob()

Creating a Custom Instance

The createFetch function will return a useFetch function with whatever pre-configured options that are provided to it. This is useful for interacting with API's throughout an application that uses the same base URL or needs Authorization headers.

const useMyFetch = createFetch({
  baseUrl: 'https://my-api.com',
  options: {
    async beforeFetch({ options }) {
      const myToken = await getMyToken()
      options.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${myToken}`

      return { options }
    },
  },
  fetchOptions: {
    mode: 'cors',
  },
})

const { isFetching, error, data } = useMyFetch('users')

If you want to control the behavior of beforeFetch, afterFetch, onFetchError between the pre-configured instance and newly spawned instance. You can provide a combination option to toggle between overwrite or chaining.

const useMyFetch = createFetch({
  baseUrl: 'https://my-api.com',
  combination: 'overwrite',
  options: {
    // beforeFetch in pre-configured instance will only run when the newly spawned instance do not pass beforeFetch
    async beforeFetch({ options }) {
      const myToken = await getMyToken()
      options.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${myToken}`

      return { options }
    },
  },
})

// use useMyFetch beforeFetch
const { isFetching, error, data } = useMyFetch('users')

// use custom beforeFetch
const { isFetching, error, data } = useMyFetch('users', {
  async beforeFetch({ url, options, cancel }) {
    const myToken = await getMyToken()

    if (!myToken)
      cancel()

    options.headers = {
      ...options.headers,
      Authorization: `Bearer ${myToken}`,
    }

    return {
      options,
    }
  },
})

Events

The onFetchResponse and onFetchError will fire on fetch request responses and errors respectively.

const { onFetchResponse, onFetchError } = useFetch(url)

onFetchResponse((response) => {
  console.log(response.status)
})

onFetchError((error) => {
  console.error(error.message)
})

Type Declarations

Show Type Declarations

export interface UseFetchReturn<T> {
  /**
   * Indicates if the fetch request has finished
   */
  isFinished: Readonly<Ref<boolean>>
  /**
   * The statusCode of the HTTP fetch response
   */
  statusCode: Ref<number | null>
  /**
   * The raw response of the fetch response
   */
  response: Ref<Response | null>
  /**
   * Any fetch errors that may have occurred
   */
  error: Ref<any>
  /**
   * The fetch response body on success, may either be JSON or text
   */
  data: Ref<T | null>
  /**
   * Indicates if the request is currently being fetched.
   */
  isFetching: Readonly<Ref<boolean>>
  /**
   * Indicates if the fetch request is able to be aborted
   */
  canAbort: ComputedRef<boolean>
  /**
   * Indicates if the fetch request was aborted
   */
  aborted: Ref<boolean>
  /**
   * Abort the fetch request
   */
  abort: Fn
  /**
   * Manually call the fetch
   * (default not throwing error)
   */
  execute: (throwOnFailed?: boolean) => Promise<any>
  /**
   * Fires after the fetch request has finished
   */
  onFetchResponse: EventHookOn<Response>
  /**
   * Fires after a fetch request error
   */
  onFetchError: EventHookOn
  /**
   * Fires after a fetch has completed
   */
  onFetchFinally: EventHookOn
  get: () => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  post: (
    payload?: MaybeRefOrGetter<unknown>,
    type?: string,
  ) => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  put: (
    payload?: MaybeRefOrGetter<unknown>,
    type?: string,
  ) => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  delete: (
    payload?: MaybeRefOrGetter<unknown>,
    type?: string,
  ) => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  patch: (
    payload?: MaybeRefOrGetter<unknown>,
    type?: string,
  ) => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  head: (
    payload?: MaybeRefOrGetter<unknown>,
    type?: string,
  ) => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  options: (
    payload?: MaybeRefOrGetter<unknown>,
    type?: string,
  ) => UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
  json: <JSON = any>() => UseFetchReturn<JSON> &
    PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<JSON>>
  text: () => UseFetchReturn<string> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<string>>
  blob: () => UseFetchReturn<Blob> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<Blob>>
  arrayBuffer: () => UseFetchReturn<ArrayBuffer> &
    PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<ArrayBuffer>>
  formData: () => UseFetchReturn<FormData> &
    PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<FormData>>
}
type Combination = "overwrite" | "chain"
export interface BeforeFetchContext {
  /**
   * The computed url of the current request
   */
  url: string
  /**
   * The request options of the current request
   */
  options: RequestInit
  /**
   * Cancels the current request
   */
  cancel: Fn
}
export interface AfterFetchContext<T = any> {
  response: Response
  data: T | null
}
export interface OnFetchErrorContext<T = any, E = any> {
  error: E
  data: T | null
}
export interface UseFetchOptions {
  /**
   * Fetch function
   */
  fetch?: typeof window.fetch
  /**
   * Will automatically run fetch when `useFetch` is used
   *
   * @default true
   */
  immediate?: boolean
  /**
   * Will automatically refetch when:
   * - the URL is changed if the URL is a ref
   * - the payload is changed if the payload is a ref
   *
   * @default false
   */
  refetch?: MaybeRefOrGetter<boolean>
  /**
   * Initial data before the request finished
   *
   * @default null
   */
  initialData?: any
  /**
   * Timeout for abort request after number of millisecond
   * `0` means use browser default
   *
   * @default 0
   */
  timeout?: number
  /**
   * Allow update the `data` ref when fetch error whenever provided, or mutated in the `onFetchError` callback
   *
   * @default false
   */
  updateDataOnError?: boolean
  /**
   * Will run immediately before the fetch request is dispatched
   */
  beforeFetch?: (
    ctx: BeforeFetchContext,
  ) =>
    | Promise<Partial<BeforeFetchContext> | void>
    | Partial<BeforeFetchContext>
    | void
  /**
   * Will run immediately after the fetch request is returned.
   * Runs after any 2xx response
   */
  afterFetch?: (
    ctx: AfterFetchContext,
  ) => Promise<Partial<AfterFetchContext>> | Partial<AfterFetchContext>
  /**
   * Will run immediately after the fetch request is returned.
   * Runs after any 4xx and 5xx response
   */
  onFetchError?: (ctx: {
    data: any
    response: Response | null
    error: any
  }) => Promise<Partial<OnFetchErrorContext>> | Partial<OnFetchErrorContext>
}
export interface CreateFetchOptions {
  /**
   * The base URL that will be prefixed to all urls unless urls are absolute
   */
  baseUrl?: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>
  /**
   * Determine the inherit behavior for beforeFetch, afterFetch, onFetchError
   * @default 'chain'
   */
  combination?: Combination
  /**
   * Default Options for the useFetch function
   */
  options?: UseFetchOptions
  /**
   * Options for the fetch request
   */
  fetchOptions?: RequestInit
}
export declare function createFetch(
  config?: CreateFetchOptions,
): typeof useFetch
export declare function useFetch<T>(
  url: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>,
): UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
export declare function useFetch<T>(
  url: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>,
  useFetchOptions: UseFetchOptions,
): UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>
export declare function useFetch<T>(
  url: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>,
  options: RequestInit,
  useFetchOptions?: UseFetchOptions,
): UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>>

Source

Source • Demo • Docs

Contributors

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Changelog

v10.8.0 on 2/20/2024

f5587 - fix: remove unnecessary spread operator in iterable conversion (#3660)

31d4a - fix: mark isFinished, isFetching readonly (#3616)

a086e - fix: stricter types

v10.7.0 on 12/5/2023

fccf2 - feat: upgrade deps (#3614)

8cbfd - fix: clone 'Response' on reading (#3607) (#3608)

3456d - fix: immediately modify the status after the request is completed (#3603)

v10.6.0 on 11/9/2023

75ca2 - fix: don't set isFetching to false when a request is aborted because of a refetch (#3479)

v10.4.0 on 8/25/2023

945ca - feat: introduce updateDataOnError option (#3092)

v10.3.0 on 7/30/2023

b7e3d - fix: generated payloadType on execute (#3251)

v10.1.1 on 5/1/2023

d051f - fix: combineCallbacks does not merge options (#3015)

v10.0.0-beta.4 on 4/13/2023

4d757 - feat(types)!: rename MaybeComputedRef to MaybeRefOrGetter

10e98 - feat(toRef)!: rename resolveRef to toRef

0a72b - feat(toValue): rename resolveUnref to toValue

v10.0.0-beta.0 on 3/14/2023

78cfb - feat: update data on success (#2711)

fff45 - fix: abort before updating state (#2805)

v9.13.0 on 2/18/2023

cd9d6 - feat: cancel previous request on refetch (#2750)

c2bc6 - fix: check if it's object for isFetchOptions

v9.9.0 on 12/23/2022

000fd - fix: doesn't work with formData payload (#2440)

v9.5.0 on 11/9/2022

934a8 - feat: support sending the custom request to an absolute URL regardless baseURL (#2210)

a8496 - feat: allow configure lifecycle handler behavior (#2333)

v9.3.1 on 10/17/2022

45750 - fix: fix incorrect chainCallbacks behavior (#2231)